Ifuthe lenyumoniya entsha ye-coronavirus kurhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina

Ifuthe lenyumoniya entsha ye-coronavirus kurhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina
(1) Ngexesha elifutshane, ubhubhane unempembelelo ethile engalunganga kurhwebo lokuthumela ngaphandle
Ngokubhekiselele kulwakhiwo lokuthumela ngaphandle, iimveliso eziphambili zaseTshayina ziimveliso zoshishino, ezibalelwa kwi-94%. Njengoko ubhubhani wawunwenwela kuzo zonke iindawo zelizwe ngexesha loMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo, owachatshazelwa nguwo, ukuqaliswa kwakhona komsebenzi wamashishini emizi-mveliso asekuhlaleni ngexesha loMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo kwalibaziseka, amashishini axhasayo afana nezothutho, ulungiselelo lolungiselelo nokugcinwa kwempahla aye aphelelanga, kunye nokuhlolwa. kwaye umsebenzi wokuvalelwa komntu yedwa wawungqongqo ngakumbi. Ezi zinto ziza kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yamashishini athumela ngaphandle kwaye zonyuse iindleko zentengiselwano kunye nemingcipheko kwixesha elifutshane.
Ngokwembono yokubuya kwabasebenzi beshishini, impembelelo yobhubhane yavela emva koMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo, owachaphazela ngokumandla ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwabasebenzi. Onke amaphondo eTshayina enza amanyathelo ahambelanayo olawulo lokuhamba kwabasebenzi ngokophuhliso lwemeko yendyikityha yendawo. Phakathi kwamaphondo anamatyala angaphezulu kwama-500 aqinisekisiweyo, ngaphandle kweHubei, esona bhubhane sibi kakhulu, Ibandakanya iGuangdong (umyinge wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eChina ngo-2019 yi-28.8%, efanayo kamva), iZhejiang (13.6%) kunye neJiangsu (16.1%) %) kunye namanye amaphondo amakhulu orhwebo lwangaphandle, kunye neSichuan, Anhui, Henan kunye namanye amaphondo amakhulu okuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle. Ukubekwa phezulu kwezi zinto zimbini kuya kwenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi kumashishini athumela ngaphandle eTshayina ukuba aqalise umsebenzi kwakhona. Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla emveliso yeshishini akuxhomekeke kuphela kulawulo lobhubhane wengingqi, kodwa nakwimilinganiselo yokusabela ubhubhane kunye neziphumo zamanye amaphondo. Ngokwendlela yokufuduka iyonke yelizwe ngexesha lokuthuthwa koMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo olubonelelwa yimephu ye-Baidu, efanayo ne-20 xa kuthelekiswa nemeko yothutho lwasentwasahlobo kwiminyaka eyi-19, ukubuya kwabasebenzi kwinqanaba lokuqala lothutho lwasentwasahlobo ngo-2020 kwakungekho kakhulu. abachatshazelwa ngubhubhane, ngelixa ubhubhani wenqanaba lokugqibela lothutho lwasentwasahlobo waba nefuthe elikhulu ekubuyeni kwabasebenzi, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Ngokwembono yamazwe athumela ngaphandle, NgoJanuwari 31, 2020, inoveli coronavirus inyumoniya yabhengezwa yi-WHO (WHO) ukuba yenze imeko kaxakeka yezempilo yoluntu jikelele. Emva kwe-(pheic), nangona ngubani ongacebisiyo ukwamkelwa kohambo okanye amanyathelo othintelo lorhwebo, amanye amaqela ekontraka asaphumeza ulawulo lwexeshana kwiindidi ezithile zaseTshayina zokuthunyelwa kwempahla yorhwebo kumazwe angaphandle. Uninzi lweemveliso ezithintelweyo zimveliso yezolimo, enempembelelo encinci kwiimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokubanzi zaseChina kwixesha elifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhubeka kwalo bhubhani, inani lamazwe aphantsi kwemiqathango yorhwebo linokwanda, kwaye ububanzi kunye nobubanzi bamanyathelo okwexeshana bulinganiselwe. Iinzame nazo zinokuqiniswa.
Ukusuka kwimbono yokuhanjiswa kwenqanawa, impembelelo yobhubhane kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle iye yavela. Ukubalwa ngomthamo, i-80% yorhwebo lwempahla yehlabathi ithuthwa ngolwandle. Utshintsho lweshishini lokuthumela ngeenqanawa zaselwandle lunokubonisa impembelelo yobhubhane kurhwebo ngexesha langempela. Ngokuqhubekeka kobhubhane, iOstreliya, iSingapore kunye namanye amazwe ayiqinise imimiselo kwi-berthing. I-Maersk, iMeditera Shipping kunye namanye amaqela eenkampani zeenqanawa zamazwe ngamazwe athi alehlisile inani leenqanawa kwezinye iindlela ezisuka kwilizwe laseTshayina naseHong Kong. Ixabiso lomyinge we-charter kummandla wePacific liye lawela kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu kwiminyaka emithathu yokugqibela kwiveki yokuqala kaFebruwari 2020, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Isalathiso sibonisa impembelelo yobhubhane kwintengiso yokuthumela ngaphandle ngexesha langempela ukusuka kumbono. kwimarike yokuthumela.
(2) Ifuthe lexesha elide lobhubhane ekuthunyelweni ngaphandle lilinganiselwe
Iqondo lempembelelo kurhwebo lokuthumela ngaphandle ubukhulu becala lixhomekeke kwixesha kunye nobubanzi bobhubhane. Nangona lo bhubhani unempembelelo ethile kurhwebo lokuthumela ngaphandle kweTshayina kwixeshana elifutshane, ifuthe lalo lihamba ngokwezigaba kwaye lilokwexeshana.
Ukusuka kwicala lemfuno, imfuno yangaphandle izinzile jikelele, kwaye uqoqosho lwehlabathi luye lwahla kwaye lwaphinde lwaphindaphinda. Ngomhla we-19 kaFebruwari, i-IMF yathi ngoku, uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi lubonise ukuzinza okuthile, kwaye iingozi ezichaphazelekayo ziye zaba buthathaka. Kulindeleke ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi kulo nyaka kunyuke ngepesenti eyi-0.4 ngaphezulu kunoko ngowama-2019, kufikelele kwi-3.3%. Ngokutsho kwedatha ekhutshwe nguMarkit ngoFebruwari 3, ixabiso lokugqibela le-PMI ye-PMI yabaphathi bokuthengwa kwemveliso yehlabathi ngoJanuwari yayiyi-50.4, iphakamileyo kancinane kunexabiso langaphambili le-50.0, oko kukuthi, liphezulu kancinci kune-ups and downs watershed of 50.0 , ubude beenyanga ezisithoba. Izinga lokukhula kwemveliso kunye nemiyalelo emitsha liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingqesho kunye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe luthande ukuzinza.
Ukusuka kwicala lokubonelela, imveliso yasekhaya iya kubuyiselwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Inoveli coronavirus inyumoniya inyuse ifuthe layo elibi kurhwebo lokuthumela ngaphandle. I-China yongeze iinzame zayo zokulwa nohlengahlengiso kunye nenkxaso yemali neyemali. Iingingqi ezahlukeneyo kunye namasebe aqalise imilinganiselo yokwandisa inkxaso kumashishini anxulumeneyo. Ingxaki yamashishini abuyela emsebenzini isonjululwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zoMphathiswa wezoRhwebo, yonke inkqubela phambili yamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ukuqalisa kwakhona komsebenzi kunye nemveliso iye yanda kutshanje, ngakumbi indima ephambili yamaphondo amakhulu orhwebo lwangaphandle. Phakathi kwabo, izinga lokuqalisa kwakhona kwamashishini aphambili angaphandle kweZhejiang, eShandong nakwamanye amaphondo malunga ne-70%, kunye nenkqubela phambili yokuvuselela amaphondo amakhulu orhwebo angaphandle njengeGuangdong kunye neJiangsu nayo ikhawuleza. Inkqubela phambili yokuqaliswa kwakhona kwamashishini orhwebo angaphandle kwilizwe lonke ihambelana noko kulindelweyo. Ngemveliso eqhelekileyo yamashishini orhwebo angaphandle, ukubuyiswa okukhulu kolungiselelo kunye nothutho, ukubuyiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kobonelelo lweshishini lemizi-mveliso, kunye nemeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle iya kuphucuka ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ngokwembono yekhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi, i-China isadlala indima engenakubuyiselwa. I-China lelona lizwe lithumela impahla ngaphandle kwelinye ilizwe, linelona qela lipheleleyo leemveliso zehlabathi. Isembindini wekhonkco loshishino lwehlabathi kwaye ikwindawo ephambili ekunyukeni kwenkqubo yolwahlulo lwemveliso yehlabathi. Impembelelo yexesha elifutshane yobhubhane inokonyusa ugqithiso lwesakhono semveliso kwezinye iindawo, kodwa ayizukuyitshintsha indawo yaseTshayina kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi. Inzuzo yokhuphiswano lweTshayina kurhwebo lwangaphandle lusekho ngokufanelekileyo.